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M6U4 Grammar

     编写人__   审核人   

Learning aims:

1.  Subjunctive mood in unreal conditional clauses.

2. To understand the concept of unreal situations by finishing the related exercises.

Step 1: Lead- in

陈述语气，表示所说的话是事实。France lies in the west of Europe.

祈使语气，表示所说的话是请求或命令。Make yourself at home.

虚拟语气，表示所说的话只是一种主观愿望、假想或建议等。Parents only wish their children could succeed.

Step 2: 虚拟语气

★Subjunctive mood in wish-clauses

1）wish (that) +s + v-ed (were)   I wish I were as young as you.（现在）

2）wish (that) +s + had done     I wish that I had not met him yesterday. (过去)

3）wish that +s + would/ could/might/might do  (将来)

Isn’t it your wish that you could buy a car like that?

★含蓄条件句(Implied condition)

不是用条件句而是由介词短语(without…没有……, but for…要不是…), 连词(but 但是，or或者)，副词(otherwise 否则)等或上下文来表示某种假设的情况：

But for electricity, there would be no modern industry.

Without your help, we could not have succeeded.

I ran all the way to school, otherwise I would have been late.

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have helped you.

★错综时间条件句：主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间，其动词形式要根据时间而定。

如果他当时听了我的话，现在就不会遇到麻烦了。

If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now.

★虚拟语气用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中，从句谓语用 “(should+)原形动词”

(1) 用在动词insist (坚持)，suggest (建议)，order (命令)，propose (建议)，demand (要求),command(命令)等后面的宾语从句中。

He suggested that we _______ _______ (开始) now.

如果上述动词不表示主张、建议等，而表示其他意义时，仍用陈述语气：

The expression on his face suggests that he _________ (知道) it.

(2) 用在名词insistence (坚持), suggestion (建议)，order (命令), proposal (建议)，demand (要求), command等后面的表语从句和同位语从句中：

他们的建议是让产量增加20%。

Their suggestion is that their output ______ ______ ________ (increase) by 20%.

他建议我们演一出剧，你觉得怎样？

What do you think of his suggestion that we _________ __________ (put) on a play?

(3) 用在“It +be+natural (necessary, strange, important等，以及insisted, suggested, ordered等）+that…”结构中的that引导的主语从句中：

你有必要参加会议。

It’s necessary that you ______ _______ (be) present at the meeting.

有人建议，那药品应该空运到那儿。

It was suggested that the medicine ______ ______ ________(send) there by plane.

虚拟语气用在would rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer后面的从句中，表示“希望”，用动词的过去式虚拟当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况

★用动词的过去式表示假设意义

1. It is (high/about) time that …

1) It is time we had dinner.     2) It is high time we left this place.

2. I would rather/ sooner (that) you / he / they …

  1) I’m told they are going by bus, but I would rather they went by train.

  2) He didn’t attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.

3. If only …

1) If only the weather were finer!      2) If only you hadn’t offended him!

4. as if /though

1) She always talks to me as if she were my sister.

2) He walks slowly as if he had hurt his leg.

3) She looks as if she would cry.

练习：

1. The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation.

A. made    B. make    C. makes    D. will make

2. Frankly, I’d rather you ______ anything about it for the time being.

A. do   B. don’t do    C. didn’t do    D. will not do

3. It’s high time you ______.

A. start to work    B. would start to work    C. started to work    D. had started to work

4. The business is risky. But ______ we would be rich.

A. should we succeed    B. we should succeed   

C. might we succeed     D. would we succeed

5. I wish our teacher ______ to give another test. I haven’t got prepared yet.

A. isn’t going   B. weren’t going   C. will not going    D. could have gone

6. I wish I ______ to the movies with you last night.

A. went   B. did go    C. could go    D. had gone

7. What do you think of his proposal that improvements ______ in the old type of vacuum cleaner?

A. be made    B. will be made   C. would be made   D. will have to be made

8. ______, we could not have finished the work on time.

A. If they do not help us         B. Was it not for their help

C. Should they offer to help us    D. But for their help

9. Henry ______ a rich man today if he had been more frugal in the past.

A. would be    B. is    C. will be    D. was

10. Sally can’t have written home, or ______ the letter by now.

A. I’ll get    B. I’ll have got    C. I’d have got    D. I’d get