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高考英语三大提分金典2
发布人:陈青玲 时间:2012-1-7
高考英语三大提分金典2

高考英语三大提分金典

语法填空题选材必须注意:所选句子的语言形式要正确,原汁原味,所选句子的意思要清晰明了,句子的语法结构功能能****地服务于句子的语义。简而言之,高考语法填空题的命题必然要紧扣这一要求。

命题取向:这几年语法填空题难度有所降低,纯语法规则测试题会越来越少,而强化考生英语的实际运用能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的试题将会逐渐增加。不过,语法填空题的总体难度有所降低。

根据《高中英语课程标准》确定的语法三个纬度,语法填空题命题取向,首先突出在以下四个方面的能力:语法加语境,语法与上下文,语法加比较辨析和情景会话用语;其次要讲究测试面广,涉及到的语法测试点要多,这也是愈发测试的一个非常重要的特色。如语法测试体的测试点包括动词时态、语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、复合句、强调句、感叹句、倒装句、反意疑问句、省略句和it的用法等,在这些测试项目中,动词及非谓语动词形式又是重点中的测试重点,从这几年语法测试题看,动词的比例占有率相当大。

高考语法填空题的命题思路是:讲究句子的语境设置,从四个方面考查考生的英语实际运用能力,甄别、筛选和理解能力以及逻辑推理能力。这四个方面的能力是:

语法与语境的辨析能力, 语法对比辨析的能力,

上下文之间的推论能力, 情景会话的语境辨析。

语法填空题还增加了词义辨析题的含量,这主要呈现在动词、短语动词、形容词和副词的考查,除此之外,这种题型也出现了对文化知识的考查。如:

You may not have played very well today, but at least you’ve got through to the next round and ____________.

A. tomorrow never comes B. tomorrow is another day

C. never put of till tomorrow D. there is no tomorrow

由上看出,单项填空题将逐步从考查学生的语言知识运用能力的考查想文化知识的考查过渡,这一现象应引起我们的重视。

对策:复习备考时,应多多研究高考真题,依据高考的命题思路,进行有效地复习,注重选择含语境的题,注重分析句子结构,时态的交互和变化,从句的特征效应,非谓语动词的一些特殊功能以及一些固定搭配等。让考生全面地、理性地掌握语法填空题的精髓。

近几年的高考单项填空题不再考查"纯语法"或"纯词汇", 而是在特定语境中考查考生综合运用语言的能力。但是单项填空题涉及面广,试题设计灵活多变,因此,要求考生对每一道题都不能掉以轻心,必须认真审题和解题,细致观察,灵活运用掌握的语言知识技巧进行答题。现结合近几年高考题, 侧重阐述几种单项填空题中常见的"难题"解题技巧。

应试技巧一:考查动词时态,不给出明确时间状语:这种测试形式在高考单项填空题中非常有效的考查考生是否能灵活运用所学语法知识的能力,因此要指导考生学会认真分析上下文语境,从而能****确定所要填的时态。高考单项填空题考查动词时态时, 往往题干句无具体明确的时间状语, 考生需对上下文语境进行分析, 才能搞清所要考查的句子时态。

19) He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _______ her somewhere.

A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen

【答案为D项。从句子表面看,句子的前半句是过去时,然而空格却要填过去完成时,这就要从句子的语意上去分析,此句中的wondering实际上是一种心理活动,表示“好像在哪儿见过她”,从这儿分析这个行为应该是在wondering之前发生的。】

20) - Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad.

- Oh, nothing much. In fact, I ______ of my friends back home.

A. have just thought B. was just thinking

C. would just think D. was just be thinking

【答案为B项。从对话看,句子都是现在时,很多考生在解答这道题时,会习惯地选择A项,然而空格却要填过去进行时,与上面那道题一样,要从句子的语意去分析,回话中in fact, 实际上是回答问话这与其说话时自己所呈现的思维状态,也就是他在回话钱的行为状态,故应用过去进行时。】

应试技巧二:明辨固定搭配置换迷雾现象:解答这类题时, 考生应认真细心观察句子结构,尤其是一些常用句型转换、常用短语或从句关联词的割裂现象, 高考命题是常常采用这种方式使短语或固定搭配中的某个成分不在原来位置, 从而使该短语或固定搭配难以辨认。若考生对所学语言知识掌握得不好的话,在考试中是难以对这种现象做出正确的判断和抉择的。因此,这类题也是考生常常丢分的题。

21) In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.

A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom

【答案为D项。解答这道题首先要弄清楚句中的短语“turn to somebody for help”搭配,这句又是定语从句,但短语被认为割裂开之后,介词to与关系代词whom搭配在一块,根据语法规则与介词连用的关系代词必须用宾格形式。所以正确答案是to whom。】

22) Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _______ they can be controlled on purpose.

A. With which B. to which C. of which D. for which

【答案为B项。这道题与上面那道题的思路是一致的,短语be controlled to,也是被割裂开,与关系代词连用。这儿指的是“控制到….程度”,故只有to which符合题意。】

应试技巧三:明确省略成分, 补全句子看清真面目

试题命制时,为使语言生动,自然、简洁,所以常常采用这种省略形式。解答这类题,首先要求考生弄懂句意,再根据所学语法知识将句子还原或补全,有助于考生快速地掌握句子的意思。不过这类现象多为同源主语的省略。

23) ________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared

【答案为D项。本题考查when之后非谓语动词用法。对when用法的判断是解题关键。when(或其它词,如:while, since,once等)引导状语从句时,若从句主语和主句主语相同,且从句谓语部分含有be时,可把从句主语和be同时省略。本题干中在when后省略了it is。即when it is compared with the size of the whole earth...】

24) The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it.

A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

【答案为D项。本题once之后省略了it is, 显然, 此处应用被动语态。】

25) We all know that, __________, the situation will grow worse.

A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with

C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with

【答案为B项。if后接的省略句,其实它的完整结构是if it is not carefully dealt with。显然,选项的内容省略了it is, 而剩余部分就是正确答案。】

应试技巧四:巧用结构分析句子,理顺还原本来面目

有些语法填空题的句子结构较复杂,迷惑性大,稍有疏忽,必定会受到干扰项的干扰,这时就需要耐心和细心地分析句子,弄清结构,再对照选项进行甄别选出正确选项。

26) You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________ home in the snowstorm.

A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking

【答案为D项。Imagine后面的宾语从句是what引导的感叹句,其正常语序为:We had difficulty ________ home in the snowstorm. 其实这句就是考查have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something句型结构。】

应试技巧五:语境背景要弄清,细心分析究根源

有些语法填空题常常在语境中考查考生对语言结构和语言知识的考查,这类题型是近年来常考题。这就要求考生要针对语境做细致的分析,以语境为切入点对测试题进行思考,分析,甄别和抉择。

27) —Bill, if it doesn’t rain, we can go straight on and spend more time in Vienna.

— ___________ I just want to hear Mozart.

A. Well done! B. No problem. C. That’s great! D. That’s it.

【答案为C。That’s great!意思是“太好了!太棒了!”。根据对话材料,我们I just want to her Mozart, 可以断定出说话者本人自己想去听莫扎特的音乐会,当听到对方说可能要去维也纳时,心中不禁大喜。Well done!的意思是“干得好!”problem意思是“没问题。”That’s it. 表示为“做得对!就是这样!”】

28) -Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?

-Sorry, I am not sure. But it _____ be.

A. might B. will C. must D. can

【答案为A。根据答语中的I am not sure, 就是一个重要的信息,表明说话者把握不大。根据语法规则,但没什么把握是或不确定时,一般用情态动词may或might。】



高考完形填空解题策略与技巧

完形填空属“综合能力应用”题型,是高考的必考题型。完形填空在高考试卷中是拉开考生得分的一道关键题型。该题型为20个空,分数为30分,分数权重占卷面20%,因此掌握完形填空解题技巧对考生而言尤为重要。

命题特点:非等距离挖空的命题方式是完形填空的****特色。短文首句不挖空,以便为考生理解全文留下足够信息,命题者根据考查目的进行挖空,造成信息链中断,这就要求考生依据上下文的文意捕捉到空白处的缺词。从近几年高考完形填空题看,纯语法知识几乎不考,主要考查考生灵活运用所学词汇的能力,尤其是以考查实词或信息词为主,着重考查考生对文章的内在逻辑和整体把握能力。因此,把握句间和段落之间的内在逻辑关系,通过上下文暗示,对篇章、段落或句意的整体把握;再则,干扰项的设置与语法结构无甚关系,重在文意干扰。因此,把握文意和具体语境,通过对词义的辨析,是解完形填空的****手段。

解题技巧:巧解完形填空题,考生必须进行通篇考虑,掌握大意,综合所学词法、句法和常识进行分析判断。为帮助考生能更好地解答完形填空题,在这里介绍几种解题技巧。

1. 复现解题法:这类题多为同义词、近义词和反义词的复现或同义词、近义词和反义词异形复现的形式。这种测试手法主要是考查考生的整体篇章意识和上下文推断能力。

1)In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __21__ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk-tales they are __22__ and cause much human suffering.

21. A. babies B. believes C. fairies D. supermen

22. A. powerful B. cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary

【21. C项,同义原词的复现;22. B项,异形近义词的复现】

2)On August 26, 1999, New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm. The rain caused the streets to __36__ and the subway system almost came to a stop.

36. A. break B. flood C. sink D. crash

【36. B项,异形近义词的复现】

3)Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that __52__ message than I ever did from a textbook.

A. accurate B. urgent C. brief D. humorous

【52. C项,异形同义词的复现】

2. 语法结构法: 这类题需要考生有较为扎实的语法基础知识,能够从句式的结构上辨别出须填相关的关联词、连词、副词、形容词或相应的动词,当然还要考虑到主谓一致的关系等语法知识要点。

4) When it was 5:00pm, I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computer __49__ I received an email from Garth, my Director.

A. while B. when C. where D. after

【49. B项,这儿when的意思是just at the moment,与前面的when意思不一样,A项的while无此意,D项的after不符合行为交互逻辑,C项****是错误的。】

5) “I have been a soloist for over ten years. __53__ the doctor thought I was totally deaf, it didn’t __54__ that my passion couldn’t be realized.

53. A. However B. Although C. When D. Since

54. A. mean B. seem C. conclude D. say

【53. B项,由第二段的内容以及本句的句意“尽管医生认为我已经全聋了,但是这并不意味着我的热情会消失。”,故此处应为让步状语从句;54. A项,由句意可知。】

3. 语境信息解题法:这类题主要是通过短文中上下语境所透露的信息进行解题,首先要正确理解所给信息,在进行合理分析和推断,这种语境信息一定要遵循逻辑概念,符合运动规律,时态的交替,以及特殊场合下的应急合理判断。

6) These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows __23__ and pale and has changed so much that is almost __24__ to the parents.

23. A. sick B. slim C. short D. small

24. A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable

【23. A项。根据后面pale一词可推断出sick与pale, 以及后面的changed so much相吻合,符合常理,而slim, short和small与pale没什么逻辑上的联系,故不予考虑;24. D项。由前半句和下文句子的意思可以知晓“孩子身体虚弱面色苍白,病得厉害整个外貌变得非常厉害,连父母都认不出来了”,而其他三项与句子的语境信息在逻辑上没什么相关性。】

7) … Still others faced the storm bravely, walking miles to get to work. I __40__ to be one of people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. After making my way through crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was __43__....

40. A. used B. promised C. deserved D. happened

41. A. practice B. routine C. process D. service



43. A. operating B. cycling C. turning D. rushing

【40. D项。从前面一句话和本句中one of people可知,作者当天上午碰巧也是去上班的人之一;41. D项。从上下文可知,由于风暴大部分地铁线路停运,所以唯有service符合题意;43. A项。从上下文的语境中我们可知道作者最后找到有一条地铁线还在营业,operating本身含有“营业的”意思,相当于be on service。】

8) After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced __36__ for a few days, I was __37__ to wait tables on my own. All went __38__ that first week.

36. A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress

37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised

38. A. well B. quickly C. safely D. wrong

【36. D项。根据下文“I was allowed to wait tables on my own”可以判断,作者是和有经验的女侍者一起工作了几天;37. C项。从上下文可知,几天后作者被允许单独做餐饮招待服务了;38. A项。有下文可以判断出,她的第一周工作非常顺手,没出意外。】

4. 固定搭配解题法:这类题与语法结构题有点类似,但主要惯用搭配,讲究词与词的搭配,涉及到关联词、动词、副词、形容词、名词和短语等。

9) Telling him that he no longer needed to enjoy them but I still needed to write them, I __28__ until the day he graduated.

28. A. held up B. gave up C. followed D. continued

【28. D项。由句意可知,“尽管儿子不愿意再收到我的字条,但是我依然坚持写到他毕业为止。”这道题实际上是一道固定搭配题,其结构为not…until,但句中没有否定副词not,再则,若A、B两项短语用于这一结构中须与not连用,故不合题意;C项的followed应为及物动词,后面需加宾语方可,再则followed在此有歧义,也不合题意,由于continue是延续性动词,所以,无需否定副词,在这一固定搭配中只有瞬间动词才与not连用。】

10) He had spent those years well, graduating from college, __30__ two internships(实习) in Washington, D.C, and finally, becoming a technical assistant in Sacramento.

30. A. organizing B. planning C. comparing D. completing

【30. D项。大学毕业之后,又实习了两个学期,最后在萨克拉门托做一名技术助理。这儿指完成实习,故惟有completing符合题意。】

11) As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she’d continue to try to __32__ at her new school. She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to try.

32. A. fit in B. look out C. stay up D. get around

【32. A项。从上下文看,Jenna从初中进入高中之后碰到一系列挫折之后,发现自己应该要努力适应新学校的环境。此处的意思为“适应”,而固定搭配fit in短语正有此意。】

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